Banks, credit card providers and online shops decide for themselves which transactions must be checked using the 3-D Secure procedure.
06.03.2024 –This depends on various factors such as the amount, the type of shop and much more.
If an online shop does not offer 3-D authentication, the shop is usually liable.
If however a payment is confirmed with 3-D Secure, the cardholder is generally liable. Cardholders are also liable if they have breached their duty of care and simply passed their data on to a third party.